Maltese - Learning the Language
Enjoying it from the Start
Is speaking Maltese easy? Well nothing is easy at first. Is speaking French easy? It isn't either. However I believe that in life we tend to do good in what we like doing. So if you like the 'sound' of the spoken Maltese language you will soon start to get familiar with the pronounciation in your head. In fact I need to add some video/audio here to introduce you to the pronounciation.
The Maltese language is derived from the Phoenician and Carthaginian people who inhabited our Islands before the Roman Conquest, many years BC. Our islands being in the centre of the Mediterranean sea had a great strategic position in olden days and were fought over, conquered, bought and sold and inhabited by the great powers of the old world, among them the Romans, the Arabs, the Spaniards, the Knights of St. John, the French and finally the British. Our language apart from being based on the Phonenician alphabet is enriched by words adapted from the tongues of these peoples who ruled the Islands from time to time. One quick example is 'bongu' and 'bonswa' which mean good morning and good evening. These expressions are both distorted abbreviations of the French 'bonjour' and 'bonsoir'. Apart from Maltese which is the official language, most of the population also speak English which is the second language. One has to remember that the British occupied our Islands (through a request by the Maltese themselves) from 1800 up to 1979. The Maltese also speak Italian but this is through the effect of Italian television which we have been receiving for more than 50 years now.
Now the Maltese Alphabet resembles that of the other European languages with some additions and omissions and with a different pronounciation.
The letters are: a b ċ d e f ġ g għ h ħ i ie j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x z' z
We have 30 letters in our alphabet and the 'y' is missing. Other peculiarities: we have 2 'g', a 'gh', 2 'h' , an ie and 2 'z'. Not to worry, but just note that the ċ, the ġ and the z' are dotted, The 'ħ' is crossed as it is in the 'għ'. Let's start with the English pronounciation of each letter.
a .pronounced ah (as in English 'a' in apple)
b .....................beh
ċ .....................ch eh (like in ch annel)
d .....................deh
e ......................eh
f .......................eh f feh
ġ.......................jeh (like in g eneral)
g.......................geh (like in g arden)
għ ....................aye-n. Changes its sound according to the vowel preceding or following it. .........................See end of list for pronounciation.
h .......................ak kah. This is an 'h' mute and takes the sound of the vowel following it. ..........................See note below.
ħ........................heh
i ........................e (like in i nstant)
ie ......................e (like in i nstant - but prolonged)
j ........................ yea
k ........................keh (like in k haki)
l .........................eh l leh
m .......................eh m meh
n ........................eh n neh
o ........................oh (like in ohms)
p ....................... peh
q ........................ guttural sound like the 'k' in Cokney, pronounced Coqney
r ......................... eh r reh
s ......................... seh or eh s seh
t ........................... teh
u .......................... oo (like in woo)
w .......................... weh
x ............................sh eh (like in shady)
z' .........(dotted) ......zeh (like in zebra)
z .............................ts eh (like in tse tse fly)
Pronounciation of gh (aye-n) with different vowels preceding or following it.
għ a .........................is pronounced ..........ah
għ e ...........................................................eh
għ i .............................................................a (like a in aging)
għ o ...........................................................oh (like in ohms)
għ u ............................................................oh (like in Oh dear)
When 'għ' comes at the end of a word it takes the sound of an ħ .
When h (mute), 'ak kah' comes at the end of a word it also takes the sound of ħ.
I think that this is more than enough for a First introductory Lesson. Next lesson, we'll start with some simple words. Lesson 2 is further down the page.
Hear the Pronounciation here
Lesson 2
When you learn the sound that each letter makes it will become quite easy to spell words in Maltese. First of all let's see which letters have the same sound as in English to make it easier still. We have quite a few consonants which are the same. We have b, d, f, ħ, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, z'. Then we have the 2 'g' s. One is dotted ġ and is pronounced like the 'g' in - general. The other 'g' is pronounced like the 'g' in - great, guard and guarantee.
The vowels are all different from English so it would be a good idea to copy the pronounciation transcription from the first lesson and keep it beside you as you try to read the following words.
First Words:
First Sentence: I am going for a fortnight's holiday (15-day holiday).
Maltese.......... Meaning..............English Transcription..... Remarks
J ie n a ...........I, myself ..............ye-nah............................ ye is prolonged
s e j j e r.... .....am going..............say-yer
v a g a n z a.... holiday................ vack-aunts-ah.................z not dotted - ts
t a' ...................of, belonging to... t-ah
ħ m i s t a x...... 15 days............... h-miss-stash.................. ħ - like Home
Second Sentence : You can take the dog with you.
In ti...................You.......................In-tee ............................In - - as inside
t is ta................can.......................t-is-tah........................... is
t ie ħu...............take......................t-ee-who
il-kelb...............the dog.................ill-k-eh-lb.........................'il-' is the article
m ie għ ek........with you................m-ee-eh-k
Please note the definite article il- in 'il-kelb'. Like 'the' in English 'il-' is used both for masculine and feminine nouns. Example: il-mejda (ill-maid-ah), fem. noun - the table. Il-ġeru (ill-jerr-oo) masc. noun - the puppy.
Listen to the pronounciation of all the words on the Video.
The Pronouns
In the previous Lesson we used the Pronouns J ie n a (I) and In ti (you). The other pronouns are:
Hu....................He........................oo................H mute, ak kah sound of u only
Hi.....................She...................... e.................H mute, ak kah sound of i only
Aħ na................We.......................aħ-nah........Ħ sounded
In tom...............You.......................in-Tom
Hu ma...............They.....................oo-mah.........H mute, ak kah sound of u.
Let us use the pronouns to conjugate a simple verb. The first thing to learn about verbs in Maltese is that the infinitive is always based on the third person masculine singular (He) in the Past Tense. Example: He went. This is unlike the English where the infinitve is : to go.
Conjugation of the Verb Mar (M ah r) meaning He Went (to go)
Present Tense
Jiena...... im mur
Inti.......... tmur
Hu...........imur
Hi............ tmur
Ahna....... immorru
Intom....... tmorru
Huma....... imorru
(to be continued)
Another Verb and Another Video
Present Tense of the Verb 'Rikeb' - (Ree-keb) He rode - In English 'to ride'
Jiena ...... nirkeb
Inti...........tirkeb
Hu...........jirkeb
Hi .......... tirkeb
Aħna.......nirkbu
Intom......tirkbu
Huma .....jirkbu
Let's hear some reading in Maltese. This should be interesting I think. The paragraph below is taken from a short story which I have written based on the Siege of Gozo of 1551. I have translated it in Maltese and you can hear it on the video below.
The best way is to start the Video and listen while following the paragraph Titled :Maltese Text further down.
"As they neared the narrow stretch of water between the 2 Cominos, known today as the Blue Lagoon, they observed a concentration of Turkish galleys coming from Malta towards Gozo. Some were single-masted but the majority were the larger double-masted type. Their lateen sails were unfurled although there was no wind and their 15 pairs of oars were swiftly cutting the now darkening water of the Gozo channel. Some disappeared round Qala point, while others took a South West direction past Mgarr ix-xini and disappeared round the cliffs of Ta Cenc. Five of the galleys dropped anchor and blocked Mgarr Harbour.
About an hour later they heard 6 cannon shots from the far side of the Island of Gozo. "This seems like a signal of some sort," Toni whispered to his bride. "Look the galleys are moving in".
Indeed the 5 galleys weighed anchor, unshipped their oars and began rowing fast, four of them towards the port of Mgarr and one towards Ix-xatt l-Ahmar and Mgarr ix-Xini.
"The infidel dogs are attacking the Island. Damn the Turks, may God drown them", Toni said gnashing his teeth. "What can we do! They are attacking in full force and from all sides simultaneously. That's why the other ships kept going past. The small Dejma garrison and the few Knights at the Cittadella can do nothing against such an army and will soon have to surrender. They will all be killed or dragged into slavery"."
Maltese text:
Meta qorbu lejn dik il-biċċa baħar dejqa ta' bejn il-Kmiemen, magħrufa llum bħala l-Blue Lagoon, osservaw qatgħa xwieni Torok ġejjin minn Malta lejn Għawdex. Biċċiet minnhom kienu ta' arblu wieħed iżda l-biċċa 'l kbira kienu mill-kbar ta' żewġ arbli. Il-qlugħ latin tagħhom kien miftuħ għalkemm ma kienx hemm riħ u l-ħmistax 'l par imqagħdef ta' kull wieħed kienu jaqtgħu bil-ħeffa l-ilma tal-fliegu li issa kien beda jiswied ġmielu. Ftit minnhom kisru ma' Ras-il-Qala, filwaqt li xi oħrajn ġibdu għal ġol-Lbiċ, ħallew l-Mġarr ix-Xini u kisru mas-sies ta' Ta' Ċenċ. Ħamsa mix-xwieni tefgħu l-ankra u bblokkaw il-Port ta' l-Mġarr.
Xi siegħa wara semgħu sitt tiri tal-kanun minn naħa l-oħra tal-gżira t'Għawdex. "Dan donnu xi sinjal", Toni qal lil-għarusa tiegħu. "Arahom, ix-xwieni qed jersqu lejn l-art".
Fil-fatt il-ħamest mriekeb tellgħu l-ankra, niżżlu l-imqagħdef ġo l-ilma u bdew jaqdfu bl-ikbar ħeffa, erbgħa minnhom lejn il-Port ta' l-Mġarr u l-ieħor lejn ix-Xatt l-Aħmar u Mġarr ix-Xini.
"Il-klieb misilmin qegħdin jattakkaw il-gżira. Saħta fuq it-Torok, Alla ma jagħraqhomx!", Toni lissen jagħżaż snienu. "X'nistgħu nagħmlu, qegħdin jattakkaw f'daqqa b'forza kbira minn kull naħa. Għalhekk ix-xwieni l-oħra baqgħu għaddejjin. Il-ġgajta żgħira tad-Dejma u l-ftit Kavallieri ġoċ-Ċittadella m'huma se jagħmlu xejn kontra armata bħal din u dalwaqt se jkollhom iċiedu. Kollha se jinqatlu jew jinġarru lsiera."
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